famous radio personalities 1940s
The most famous radio personality in Cleveland history, and a pioneer of early rock 'n' roll. By the mid-1950s American radio had moved beyond its Golden Age to modern formats such as Top 40, alternative or underground FM, talk shows, and public-service programming. As Germany's aggression in Europe became increasingly evident, Coughlin lost some of his popularity, however, for much of the Depression he was a significant voice in American radio. Brown, Robert J. Manipulating the Ether: The Power of Broadcast Radio in Thirties America. Child development specialists expressed concern that children were foregoing more wholesome activities, such as studying, reading, playing sports, and outdoor activities in favor of sitting passively inside, next to the radio, listening. Orson Welles Actor | Citizen Kane His father, Richard Head Welles, was a well-to-do inventor, his mother, Beatrice (Ives) Welles, a beautiful concert pianist . The Nickel and Dime Decade: American Popular Culture During the 1930s. Michael Savage. While some programs were more adult, some programs were specifically designed to appeal to children, such as "Jack Armstrong, All American Boy." An episode of the variety series The Kraft Music Hall, starring Bing Crosby with special guest Phil Silvers; airdate December 16, 1943. As radio grew into a commercial force, it became necessary to determine the popularity of particular shows, as this would affect the price of the programs advertising time. Text is available under the Creative Commons . (Tone) (The sob is audible now) When you hear the signal the time will be (Pause) twelve o'clock. The Golden Age of Radio, also known as the old-time radio (OTR) era, was an era of radio in the United States where it was the dominant electronic home entertainment medium.It began with the birth of commercial radio broadcasting in the early 1920s and lasted through the 1950s, when television gradually superseded radio as the medium of choice for scripted programming, variety and dramatic shows. Its premiere was lauded as exceptional, bold radio. (Tone) (Her voice starts to break) When you hear the tone the time will be eleven fifty-nine and three-quarters. The screenwriter, performer and composer was . Radio producers experimented with different ways to deliver the news. Library of Congress Prints & Photographs Division. He built the first radio te Martin Sir Ryle, Ryle, Martin RYLE, MARTIN (b. Historic Events for Students: The Great Depression. When his career began in the 1970's he was fired from multiple radio stations because as a news commentator he was seen as too controversial. The open discussions with the public had a major impact on Roosevelt's presidency, building a high level of trust. #44 of 164. While in London Murrow brought together several exceptionally talented newsmen, known as "Murrow's Boys.". At first his program was primarily inspirational and welcomed by the Depression-weary public but became increasingly political. Between 1941 and 1945, Americans tuned in to listen to breaking news from Europe, hearing about major battles and the bombing of Pearl Harbor in Hawaii just moments after the actual events. Sometimes the days' news events were dramatized over the radio, with actors playing the roles of major participants. The Spanish Civil War (19361939) is considered the first radio war. Retrieved February 22, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-and-education-magazines/radio-1929-1941. For example they created the character of Dick Tracy, Jr. who encouraged listeners to become Dick Tracy Junior Detectives by sending in box tops from certain cereals. Amos: I don' wants to git mixed up in dis. Other politicians and political pundits, regardless of their agreement or disagreement with what Roosevelt had to say, were generally in awe of his natural ability to make great use of the mass media. It was "The Golden Age of Radio.". A band remote broadcast of Benny Goodman and his orchestra, with vocalist Martha Tilton, from the Madhattan Room of the Hotel Pennsylvania, New York City; airdate November 4, 1937. Other forms of paid entertainment had become prohibitively expensive in the lean times, and so Americans turned to radio. In the late 1930s the Federal Communications Commission (created by the Communications Act of 1934) investigated the potential for a monopoly on broadcasting, and in 1941 it recommended that no single company own more than one network. If I'd been milin' dat cow, son, I wouldn't of wasted a drop o' milk. This was Radio. Sound effects were created in the most innovative ways. Throughout the 1930s, as the world careened toward war, America debated the appropriate response to the emerging conflict. Today's recovery proves how right that policy was. The orchestra of Guy Lombardo and His Royal Canadians were made famous by radio, as was jazz musician Count Basie. I know whut I'se doin'. By the start of the 1940s, most of the best-known radio shows came from Hollywood. "Kitty Foyle," an episode of the motion-picture adaptation series Academy Award Theater, starring Ginger Rogers; airdate April 6, 1946. ." The show, which began slowly and calmly at first, steadily built to a frantic pace, giving the impression of hours passing in minutes. Networks used telephone lines to transmit their signals to affiliates, and because they were designed to be broadcast from the East Coast to the West, AT&T charged $1,000 an hour to reverse the circuits. The public found these programs a welcomed escape from worries of the Depression and the demand grew for more. In 1940 President Roosevelt's radio skill helped him defeat Wendell Willkie and win an unprecedented third term as President. Women and Radio: Airing Differences, edited by Caroline Mitchell. Freeman Gosden and Charles Correll (18991982). In the past this approach had been successfulthe military had been able to convince the people that the rebellion was local and that it was futile to fight against the military, thereby discouraging action. Listen to the radio news, watch television news, and read a newspaper all on the same day. They also complained that political conventions were organized for the benefit of radio, rather than to facilitate substantive political discussion. . Even in the 1990s and early twenty-first century presidents Bill Clinton (served 19932001) and George W. Bush (served 2001) used weekly radio broadcasts to As the world faced changes and challenges, radio was an integral part not only in reporting and commenting on the changes, but in some cases, in instigating them. View More. Bruccoli, Mathrew J. and Richard Layman. She also worked with NBC, ABC, and New York Herald Tribune's radio broadcasts. Amos n Andy, a situation comedy, was the most popular show ever broadcast, lasting more than 30 years. form 1. denoting radio waves or broadcasting: radio-controlled radiogram. 1. Paley was responsible for bringing substantial entertainment to the Great Depression audience who could little afford to pursue other forms of entertainment. They reflected national and local musical trends, exposed audiences to new music, and in some cases produced records and managed artists. Bolino, August C. From Depression to War: American Society in Transition1939. Mail-in premium offers were very successful on youth shows, and one of the most successful was the decoder ring offered by "Little Orphan Annie." As early as 1916, Sarnoff envisioned a radio that would be as standard in homes as a piano or a phonograph. With the consolidation of radios into networks, the configuration of the radio industry began to look like the major television networks of the late twentieth century. View More. Smaller regionally based networks also existed during the 1930s and 40s, such as the Boston-based Yankee Network, which ultimately became a pioneer in FM, or frequency-modulation, broadcasting. Therefore, its best to use Encyclopedia.com citations as a starting point before checking the style against your school or publications requirements and the most-recent information available at these sites: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html. Later a film and television star, Burns contributed greatly to the development of the early sitcom. . He bought CBS in 1929, building it from a failing network of 22 radio stations into a broadcast empire. Later when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the tragedy of the attack and the President's response to it was quickly broadcast to Americans around the country. My watch stopped I'll get it. On November 15, 1926, NBC made its debut over 19 stations extending from the East Coast to Kansas City, Missouri. After tackling various pursuits in his young life, including time as a vaudevillian dancer, Winchell became a famous news commentator and gossipmonger, drawing millions of listeners during the Great Depression. Choosing just the top 10 radio presenters of all time was hard enough, so take the following with a pinch of salt. Fred Allen (born John Florence Sullivan, May 31, 1894 March 17, 1956) was an American comedian whose absurdist, topically pointed radio show (19321949) made him one of the most popular and forward-looking humorists in the so-called classic era of American radio. Mutual did not own any of its affiliated stations, however, whereas NBC and CBS each owned and operated several stations. The radio as a form of entertainment grew in popularity in the 1920s United States. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1941, pp. She was an ink artist and wife to Walt Disney. Ronald Reagan (served 19811989) became another president skilled at using mass media to charm the public and press while seeking to gain support for his programs. The formation of NBC was followed by the formation of CBS (Columbia Broadcasting System). Networks competed to hire famous conductors, orchestras, and soloists. Skillful sports commentators were able to imagine the details of a game and pass them along to listeners using play-by-play provided in type across the wires. In 1936, however, radio transmitters reached most of the population of Spain. Chicago also soon developed into a major centre of radio production, transmitting many of the daytime soap operas and afternoon shows for children. Radio became the primary media for entertainment and, increasingly, for information. Indeed, many objected to the commercialization of radio, among them Herbert Hoover, who said in 1924, I believe the quickest way to kill broadcasting would be to use it for direct advertising. Strong arguments were made opposing the invasion of peoples homes with commerce (although newspapers and magazines had done so for more than a century) on the grounds that it would lead to entertainment programs pitched to the mass audience, thereby limiting radios potential educational and social benefits. The husband and wife comedy team of George Burns and Gracie Allen became representatives of the desired everyday world in American culture. An early investor in the network was the Columbia Phonograph Company, which insisted that the chain be called the Columbia Phonograph Broadcasting System. The fabric of American life would be changed forever. The first such network was the National Broadcasting Company (NBC), primarily organized by the general manager of the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), David Sarnoff, who wanted the company not only to manufacture radios but to broadcast as well. The A&P Gypsies, an orchestra conducted by Harry Horlick, was sponsored by A&P grocery stores. That is some serious growth! In 1933 alone 3.6 million radio sets were sold. New York: Richard R. Smith, Inc., 1931). Through four decades,, Radio Address Roosevelt's Defense of the New Deal, Radio Broadcasting, Station Programming and, http://www.old-time.com/otrlogs/390921.html, https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-and-education-magazines/radio-1929-1941, Compare the growth in and uses of radio during the 1930s with the growth and use of. Kaltenborn (18781965). "It probably was in 1970 or '71 when a radio station in Manistee started playing Rock and Roll," Kittleson says. Prominent sports figures became larger than life. The success of this show established Hollywood as a major centre of radio production. Adam Carolla (; born May 27, 1964) is an American comedian, radio personality, television host, actor, podcaster, and director. The New Deal's Communications Act of 1934 survives largely intact. Children listened to the adventure series Little Orphan Annie and the science-fiction show Flash Gordon. "Sam Bass," an episode of the western series Death Valley Days; airdate August 27, 1936. The hot drink Ovaltine and "Little Orphan Annie" were partners for many years. I ain't goin' do it. In those days, it was easier to tune into a radio station in Chicago than in northern Michigan for Rock and Roll music. The genres and stars of the 1930s became the genres and stars of television in the 1950s. In the early 1940s, World War II catalyzed the growth of network news, as local stations depended on the major networks overseas correspondents. View More. Almost one-fourth of the nation normally listened to his fireside chats. Hilmes, Michele and Jason Loviglio. Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks, 1998. 6:00 Sunriseincluding technical problems, 2:00 President Roosevelt's Address To Congress, 4:00 Baseball: Cleveland Indians at Washington Senators, 10:45 Repeat of President Roosevelt's Address to Congress, 11:00 Livingston's Orchestra (joined in progress at 11:20). Key Facts. On radios musical front, the National Broadcasting Company established its own symphony orchestra, led by Italian conductor Arturo Toscanini. Jack Benny was one of the foremost radio stars of The Golden Age of Radio. Stars of the stage, including theater stars and musical groups, became the stars of radio, with performers such as Edgar Bergen, Jack Benny, Bob Hope, Kate Smith, Guy Lombardo, Orson Welles, Barbara Stanwyck, Cary Grant, and Humphrey Bogart gracing the airwaves. In 1939 he wrote "They Fly through the Air with the Greatest of Ease" for his "Words Without Music" radio series. January 21, 2013, . Frequency modulation (FM) was introduced in which static interference was much less. Amos: Yeahif I hadn't been thinkin' 'bout goin' to Chicago den, I'd of got de mil in de buck a' right. In the United States, active broadcasting preceded firm government policy. ." Nationally known radio stars began to exist after the advent of the networks. They feared that the exchange of ideas and clash of opinions essential to democracy would be compromised. When German planes bombed the Basque town of Guernica in Spain in 1937, it solidified writer and director Norman Corwin's hatred of fascism. Radio proved its importance during World War II (1939-45) with almost immediate coverage of events. In 1933 Edwin Howard Armstrong produced the first FM transmitter and receiver, although it was six years before an FM station would air. As CBS News Vice President and Director of Public Affairs, Murrow remained uncomfortable as an executive and returned to reporting in 1951. Radio stations consolidated during the Depression, as smaller stations went out of business. Dat's goin' make Mister Hopkins mad if he ever find dat out. 4. Fireside Politics: Radio and Political Culture in the United States, 1920-1940, by Douglas B. Craig "Remembering the LadiesA Salute to the Women of Early Radio," by Donna L. Halper, "Popular Communications," January 1999. Welles also took part in the New Deal's Federal Theater Project that provided work for many unemployed actors and stagehands. ." In 1936 the Republican Party's radio dramatization, "Liberty at the Crossroads," played an important role in the campaign. Kaltenborn also covered the Munich appeasement They believed that America should not get involved. As a result there was vigilance to keep off the air anything that might be interpreted as supportive of these politics or in opposition to government efforts to bring about economic recovery. Today we are only part-way through that programand recovery is speeding up to a point where the dangers of 1929 are gain becoming possible, not this week or month perhaps, but within a year or two. Radio was fast becoming a way of life. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. CBS sent Murrow to London in the 1930s and it was from there that he began a series of memorable broadcasts. Programming began to grow despite the fact that radios were still too pricey for most Americans. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. Swing represented decadent America, and jazz was seen as antithetical to the purity of the Aryan race, which was a term for the non-Jewish white population. "Guiding Light" first aired on radio in 1937 and continued on television into the twenty-first century. The original radio show, co-starring Lucille Ball, was the initial basis for what evolved into the groundbreaking TV sitcom I Love Lucy. I got a idea. Licenses for Edwin Armstrong's "static-free" frequency modulation (FM) concept of radio transmission were first granted in 1940-41. (Tone) (A high-pitched oscillator whine starts low behind the last call, then is brought up as the full resonance of the Hammond organ and low-frequency oscillator are added. Barnouw, Erik. In effect, four Justices ruled that the right under a private contract to exact a pound of flesh was more sacred than the main objectives of the Constitution to establish an enduring Nation. From Needletime to the Peel Sessions LEXICARTER LEXI CARTER. Born Nathan Birnbaum, comedian George Burns and his wife and comedic partner Gracie Allen, starred in the Burns and Allen Show on radio beginning in 1933. The number of programs and types of programming for radio grew astonishingly quickly. Our story begins in the 1920s, when networks began to sponsor a few hours of weekly programming for Black audiences, including live musical and theatrical performances. In 1947 Jackie Robinson became the first black to play Major League Baseball. "Hold Back the Dawn," an episode of the motion-picture adaptation series Academy Award Theater, starring Olivia de Havilland; airdate July 31, 1946. Millions of American soldiers left for World War II, and with them went men and women journalists - most notably the "Murrow boys." Edward R. Murrow, made famous by World War II, began a transition from radio to television. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.
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