nervous tissue histology ppt
Human unipolar cells have an axon that emerges from the cell body, but it splits so that the axon can extend along a very long distance. Junquieras Basic Histology (13th ed.). Each organ of the digestive system has properties that make it specialized for its role in the digestion, absorption and excretion of food. Four of them are found in the CNS and two are found in the PNS. the peripheral nerves and peripheral ganglia. They are found mainly in the olfactory epithelium (where smell stimuli are sensed), and as part of the retina. They are large, easily distinguishable, and have an extensive dendritic tree that is not visible in typical histology. within limits that maintain life. Muscle attaches to bone via tendons; bundles of dense regular connective tissue made out of many collagen type I fibers. ("1" in the orientation figure) a polymorphic layer containing many nerve fibers and small cell bodies of interneurons, ("2" in the orientation figure) a middle pyramidal cell layer containing hippocampal pyramidal cells. Later in this sequence, you will learn how the hippocampus and dentate gyrus function in what is known as the "limbic system" to integrate inputs from many parts of the nervous system into complicated behaviors such as learning, memory, and social interaction. It consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and anus. They also have cilia on their apical surface to help move the CSF through the ventricular space. The membrane wrapped around the fascicle is called an endoneurium and is made of the loose reticular connective tissue. Nervous or the nerve tissue is the main tissue of our nervous system. Adjacent to the neuron, note myelinated axons of various sizes and also that there are no spaces between cell processes. Because of the privileged blood supply inherent in the BBB, the extracellular space in nervous tissue does not easily exchange components with the blood. Sertoli cells prevent the immune system from attacking and destroying the spermatozoa. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Reading time: 28 minutes. Hair follicles are invaginations of the epidermis that contain rapidly proliferating and keratinizing cells responsible for the production and growth of hair. Histology. The lighter-colored layers on both sides of the axon are myelin. Neurons are the primary type of cell that most anyone associates with the nervous system. The cerebellum consists of an outer cortex of grey matter covering an inner area of white matter, which itself surrounds a deeper layer of grey matter (called the cerebellar nuclei). It contains connective tissue, mostly composed of adipocytes. Nervous tissue is composed of two types of cells, neurons and glial cells. Many of these astrocytes send out processes that contact and wrap around nearby capillaries, which are also clearly recognizable as tube-shaped segments. The epithelial lining of the uterine tube and uterus play important roles in the transportation and implantation of a fertilized ovum (zygote). Reviewer: All cells contain cytoplasm, are surrounded by a membrane, and contain a variety of structures and organelles. Electron microscopy (EM) is a more modern form of microscopy that provides a much higher magnification and high resolution images. 3. At the end of the axon is the axon terminal, where there are usually several branches extending toward the target cell, each of which ends in an enlargement called a synaptic end bulb. And there are many different types of neurons. Anatomy & Physiology I Chapter 4. This Power point presentation will allow students to practice the skill of identifying tissue types from 25 histology slides. Most of the nuclei visible in the granular layer belong to very small neurons, granule cells, which participate in the extensive intercommunication involved in the cerebellums role in balance and coordination. In terms of clinical significance, the pyramidal cells of the hippocampus are particularly vulnerable to damage in severe circulatory failure and by anoxia of persistent severe seizures. Author: Tissues are routinely visualised using microscopy. Test yourself on cardiac muscle tissue with the following quiz. Nerve tissue consists of 2 principal types of cells: neurons and supporting cells. Philadelphia, Pa: Wolters Kluwer. Examine the boundary between molecular and granule cell layers. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. In addition to the dorsal and ventral horns, two structures especially obvious in the thoracic cord are the dorsal nucleus of Clarke and the lateral extension of the ventral horn. The testes produce male gametes (spermatozoa) via the process of spermatogenesis. The multipolar neurons in this area are known as "mossy cells" slide NP004N View Image and they primarily receive input from mossy fibers of the granule cells of the dentate gyrus and then relay those signals back to other cells in the dentate. How is this different in the spinal cord? True unipolar cells are only found in invertebrate animals, so the unipolar cells in humans are more appropriately called pseudo-unipolar cells. Histology - study of tissues Tissue - a collection of similar cells that group together to perform a specialized function. Thus, in the 'white matter' of the brain and spinal cord, myelinated axons are the predominant neuronal cell component and most of the the nuclei that you see in white matter are primarily of glial cells. Because the axon hillock represents the beginning of the axon, it is also referred to as the initial segment. To visualize this dendritic tree, an osmium stain can be used. They have one axon and two or more dendrites (usually many more). The information we provide is grounded on academic literature and peer-reviewed research. The material presented details the chemistry, diagnostic application, and staining protocols for special stains used to . Unipolar cells are exclusively sensory neurons and have two unique characteristics. Thompson, Ph.D. Histology of Nervous Tissue Despite the complexity of organization, there are only two functional cell . It is permeable to oxygen, carbon dioxide and other gases, allowing for the occurrence of gas exchange. Histology of Nervous Tissue PROF. DR. FAUZIAH OTHMAN DEPT OF HUMAN ANATOMY 2 Feature of nerves tissue Type of cell neuron neuroglia General feature of neuron Type of neuroglia astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, ependymal cell, microglia Synapses Myelin formation function General structure of peripheral nerves Ganglia dorsal root ganglia autonomic ganglia It will also benefit the publication of several new topics (Hematology, Pathogen ID, and Gross Anatomy). Contents Neuron Nerve cell processes Synapses And impulse transmission The neuroglia Myelin sheath 2 3. Next, the tissue is embedded with paraffin wax, which firms the tissue enough permit thin slices. The spinal cord contains a butterfly-shaped area of grey matter surrounded by an outer layer of white matter. Like a few other parts of the body, the brain has a privileged blood supply. Pulmonary capillaries come into close contact with the alveoli, forming the blood-air barrier. Organs work together in systems. It is categorised as skeletal, cardiac or smooth. What is the difference between a ganglion and a nucleus? Slide 076cerebrumcerebrum luxol blue crossView Virtual Slide, Slide 076bcerebrumTB&EView Virtual Slide. Deep to the gray matter of the cerebral cortex is the white matter that conveys myelinated fibers between different parts of the cortex and other regions of the CNS. Microglia are, as the name implies, smaller than most of the other glial cells. Bundles of myelinated axons in the brain are called tracts, while bundles of axons in the PNS are called nerves. In general, where in the brain can grey matter be found? Correct answer 1. The cytoplasm contains specialized subunits called organelles which work like little organs. Neuroglia. You should also identify the dorsal and ventral horns in slide 65-1N stained with Masson trichrome. The perikarya of large somatic motor neurons slide 065-2 View Image located in the ventral horn of the cord innervate the skeletal muscles of the limbs and trunk, which are embryologically derived from somites (hence, somatic muscles). Since tissues are relatively colorless, the magnifying properties of the optic microscope are not sufficient for proper visualization of a specimen; therefore staining techniques described above are coupled with optic microscopy. Cells are categorized into various types, all of which perform different functions. Neuroglia (glial cells) (supporting cells) - PowerPoint PPT presentation Number of Views: 2727 Avg rating:3.0/5.0 Slides: 14 Provided by: apbrwww5A Category: Tags: histology | nervous | tissue less The four main types of stains used in histology are empirical, histochemical, enzyme histochemical and immunohistochemical. The inner edge wraps around the axon, creating several layers, and the other edge closes around the outside so that the axon is completely enclosed.Myelin sheaths can extend for one or two millimeters, depending on the diameter of the axon. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). . Click on explore at the bottom of the page 3. Table 2 outlines some common characteristics and functions. Chapter 1 The Cell Chapter 2 Epithelium Chapter 3 Connective Tissue Chapter 4 Muscle Chapter 5 Cartilage and Bone Chapter 6 Nervous Tissue Chapter 7 Peripheral Blood Chapter 8 Hematopoiesis Organ Systems The sample on the slide below (Figure 7) was taken from the motor cortex, an area of the frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex that is involved in the conscious planning and execution of voluntary muscle movement. They have rectangular bodies and many dendrite like projections stemming from their shorter sides. The nucleus and cytoplasm of the Schwann cell are on the edge of the myelin sheath. The relationship of these two types of glial cells to ganglia and nerves in the PNS is seen in Figure 5. This preserves it into the same state that it had when it was in the body, and thus, keeps it from degrading. For now, focus just on the morphology of these regions and observe the presence of three distinct layers rather than the six layers found in the cerebral cortex (evolutionarily speaking, the three-layered organization is considered to be "older," so this type of cortex is also known as "archicortex" whereas the "newer" six-layered cerebral cortex is "neocortex"). These cells have a single, long, nerve tract entering the bottom of the cell body. There are 6 classically recognized layers of the cortex: Pyramidal cells in layers III and V tend to be larger because their axons contribute to efferent projections that extend to other regions of the CNS pyramidal neurons in layer V of motor cortices send projections all the way down to motor neurons in the spinal cord!
East Ridge High School Baseball Coach,
Saskatoon Rummy Rules,
Articles N
