micrococcus luteus biochemical tests
Micrococcus species are more sensitive to the Bacitracin while the staphylococci are resistant. The nasal cavity microbiome primarily consists of the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria (Bassis et al. Depend on Gram stain Test and Biochemical Test find four species of cellulolytic bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas diminuta, Micrococcus luteus and Plesiomonas shigelloides. Structure and PhysiologyThis bacteria is Gram-positive, spherical, and an obligate aerobe. I used Prokka Genome Annotation to identify which genes are present in the bacterium, Kraken Metagenomics to identify what the DNA reads correlated to on different taxonomic levels, and SPAdes Genome Assembler to determine how many contigs were produced from the reads that were produced. Retrieved 22:17, April 16, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_aureus&oldid=890960280, Your email address will not be published. I then streaked the exposed swab onto a petri dish to allow the organisms to grow, incubating them at 25 degrees Celsius in a dark cabinet. They are generally strict aerobes and can generally reduce nitrate. Micrococcus luteus ( Scanning electron micrograph ) Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive bacterium of the genus Micrococcus. What is the biochemical test for Micrococci roseus? They are indole negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, and citrate negative. Micrococcus luteus is another gram-positive coccus that also is catalase positive. M. luteus is found in the soil, dust, water, and human skin flora. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Therefore I used this as my location to take my environmental sample from. Due to the thick structure of the bacterial cell wall, Gram-positive cocci retain the primary Grams stain, Crystal Violet. M. luteus has a G-C content of about 65-75 mol%. Biochemical Tests in Microbiology answer sheet - Biochemical Tests in Microbiology Pre-Laboratory - Studocu Biochemical Tests in Microbiology lab answer sheet biochemical tests in microbiology questions why do some microbes specialize to use different food source than Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home For the micrococci, susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents, bacitracin and furazolidone, as well as the modified oxidase test can be performed to distinguish this group from the staphylococci. Hybridization studies indicate that species within the genus Micrococcus are not closely related, showing as little as 50% sequence similarity. Make a tape label writing the color dot, your name, and the name of the media. Micrococcus luteus characteristics possess unusual abilities to tolerate and to use very toxic organic molecules as carbon sources and it combines these activities with tolerance to metals. I chose to sample bacteria from inside my roommates nose. The typical microscopic morphology of the Gram-positive cocci when using the Grams stain is represented in these three images. I extracted the DNA using the PowerSoil DNA kit (manufactured by Qiagen) following manufacturer instructions. Ans: Although it is a harmless saprophyte, Micrococcus luteus can act as an opportunistic pathogen. The optimum growth temperature is 25-37C. CATALASE TEST: Catalases are enzymes that convert hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen gas. [1] It is urease and catalase positive. They also produce yellow or pink colonies when they are grown on the mannitol salt agar, micrococcus flavus, M. terreus, and M. yunnanensis. The Micrococcus genus is known to be found on dust particles, in water, on skin and skin glands in vertebrates, and some species can be found in milk. 1995; Wieser et al. Mannitol salt agar (MSA) is a selective, differential, and indicator medium used to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus from the clinical specimen. Characteristics. Bacteria Collection: Micrococcus luteus Additional Information. For example, M. luteus and M. lylae are 40-50% genetically different. The bacterium also colonizes the mouth, mucosae, oropharynx, and upper respiratory tract. It shows that it is mostly Actinobacteria, with some firmicules ,and proteobacteria mixed in (Figure 2). Most of these are mesophiles; some, like Micrococcus antarcticus which is found in Antarctica, are psychrophiles. I suspect that the API 20E test strip results were negated by having used an inactive colony, as the fluid thyoglycate test failed as well. At U.S. Micro Solutions, our microbiology laboratory is a licensed, accredited source for thorough and accurate environmental testing . For the micrococci, susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents, bacitracin and furazolidone, as well as the modified oxidase test can be performed to distinguish this group from the staphylococci. The family, Micrococcaceae, has been shrinking. Though today the immuno-compromised patients take the risk of the infection that has grown. Micrococcus luteus ( M. luteus ), is a Gram-positive bacteria, 0.05 to 3.5 microns in diameter, that is most commonly found in mucous membranes such as the nasal cavities, the upper respiratory tract, and the lining of the mouth. Next, we see an image of a mixed bacterial culture which displays the white, creamy, non- hemolytic colonies of Staphylococcus epidermidis mixed with the golden, hemolytic colonies of Staphylococcus aureus. A number of sophisticated tools are now available for clinical diagnosis. . The bacterium also colonizes the human mouth, mucosae, oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. [7], In 2003, it was proposed that one strain of Micrococcus luteus, ATCC 9341, be reclassified as Kocuria rhizophila. If I were to continue researching this isolate, I would redo the API 20 E test strip with a fresh, active culture to ensure that it can reduce nitrate, and also the oxidase test to ensure that it does have cytochrome c oxidase present, which it should according to Public Health England. // Some Micrococcus are pigmented bacteria; for example, M. luteus produces yellow colonies and M. roseus produces redish colonies. Based on the place of origin of the bacterium that I isolated, I hypothesize that it will either be one of the above bacterium or a similar water loving organism, likely one that also forms a biofilm. The oxidase test tests to see if the microbe contains cytochrome c oxidase. The data on the GC content of the DNA, chemical cell wall analysis, and a comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences. My goal in this experiment was to isolate, characterize and identify a bacterial colony that arose from a sample taken from my roommates nose. In contrast to staphylococci, usually, penicillin is sensitive. This is a test commonly used when trying to identify Gram-negative enteric bacteria, all of which are glucose fermenters but only some of which produce gas. On top of that, most of the bacterium that were stained were gram negative, which conflicts with this result. Methods: To start isolating the bacterium, I used a sterile swab wet with deionized water provided by the lab to pick up bacteria from the shower drain. Basics of Differentiation of Gram Positive Cocci, The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine, Challenges in Blood Group Alloantibody Detection, Clinical Applications of Complement Testing, Collecting Blood from Patients with Vascular Lines, Diagnosis of Syphilis Using the Reverse Algorithm, Liquid Chromatography LC Basics and Separation Techniques, Liquid Chromatography Separation Mechanisms, Optimal Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies, Pharmacogenetics for Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions, Sensitivity Specificity and Predictive Values in Diagnostic Testing, Transfusion Support in Hematopoietic Cell Transplant, Clinical Chemistry Guide to Scientific Writing, Commission on Accreditation in Clinical Chemistry. This bacterium can withstand massive doses of UV radiation and it also has the capability to degrade certain pollutants such as petrol. The antibiotic resistance test showed only minor resistance to the antibiotic Oxacillin, which is likely due to a chance inheritance in the population or complete chance because of the weak strength. 2-9 In these reports micrococci were identified on the basis of their . Defining characteristics of Micrococcus are the ability to aerobically produce acid from glucose glycerol, aesculin hydrolysis, arginine dihydrolase, major pigment production, motility, and conversion of nitrate to nitrite. Micrococcus luteus is a constituent of the normal human buccal bacterial flora which forms yellowish colonies and appears as a gram-positive coccus typically arranged in tetrads. You can change these settings at any time, but that may impair functionality on our websites. Micrococcus luteus are Gram-positive cocci mostly arranged in tetrads and larger than Staphylococcus. When looking at the genetic tests, most of the identified strains in the Korona test are Micrococcus luteus. It had 27,372 contigs in assembly. Micrococcus species occur in a wide range of environments, including dust, water, and soil. Three bacteria, E.coli, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Micrococcus luteus, have been grown on TSI or Triple sugar iron agar medium, which is a . Micrococcus luteus are Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, motile -non motile, that are 0.5 to 3.5 micrometers in diameter and usually arranged in tetrads or irregular clusters. An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal microbiota of the mammalian skin. Micrococcus spp. It did not reduce sulphur, digest gelatin, or reduce nitrate, among some of the more interesting tests, which all disagree with M. luteus. Of those only Vancomycin was closer than 50 millimeters, being 38 millimeters. The genus Micrococcus consists of Gram-positive spheres occurring in tetrads and in irregular clusters that are usually non-motile and non-spore-forming. The taxonomic assignment of this microbe was micrococcus luteus because it was the only bin that PATRIC gave. (2) Micrococcus spp. Micrococcus luteus biochemical test result. Finally I used different antibiotic disks to check for its resistance to antibiotics, using Gentamicin, Cefoperazone, Vancomycin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Trimethoprim, Oxacillin, and Cefazdin. I think that this culture was mostly Micrococcus luteus based on the Kaiju and metagenome binning results. I also hypothesize that it will be an aerobic organism, given that I found it in a well aerated environment and it has survived until I cultured it. Many members of the genus have been reclassified into other genera. They are normal inhabitants of the human body and may even be essential in keeping the balance among the various . Biochemical Tests in Microbiology Student Name Date 1 Lot Number(s) Record the lot numbers for each bacterial . When viewing the organism microscopically, the staining characteristics of the organism provide important information for identification. I also did a fluid thioglycolate test to determine the bacterias oxygen class. If an organism is capable of fermenting the sugar glucose, then acidic byproducts are formed and the pH indicator turns yellow. Table 1: Graph from Korona showing the percent reads of each organism, and to which taxonomic level. Wieser et al. Source publication +9 Isolation and Identification of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria in Living Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) Sold in. Examples of the colony morphology associated with each family is represented on this slide. They also produce yellow or pink colonies when they are grown on the mannitol salt agar, micrococcus flavus, M. terreus, and M. yunnanensis. Micrococci have been isolated from the human skin, animal and dairy products, and in beer. It is Gram-positive cocci in tetrads, catalase-positive, coagulase-negative, arranged in clusters that differ from Staphylococcus in attacking sugars oxidatively which may appear in irregular clusters, groups of four or eight. The nasal cavity microbiota of healthy adults. Required fields are marked *. The laboratory assay is performed by mixing a sample of the bacterial colony with a drop(s) of hydrogen peroxide placed on a microscope slide. The oxidase test results suggest that the microbe does not contain oxidase, despite what the metagenome binning test showed. The majority of staphylococcal species produce non-pigmented colonies with smooth margins, as opposed to the important pathogen, Staphylococcus aureus, which produces the characteristic colonies seen here. Micrococcus luteus This Gram positive coccus is found in tetrads, irregular clusters, and cubical packets of eight. We were aiming to isolate a bacterium from this initial environmental sample by using repeated quadrant streaks to isolate single species colonies, therefore producing a pure culture that we could do a multitude of tests on which include Gram staining, genetic analysis and antibiotic testing along with many other tests. Several uncommon strains produce raised colonies with translucent, depressed centers. Continuing without changing cookie settings assumes you consent to our use of cookies on this device. M. luteus oxidize carbohydrates to form carbon dioxide and water, and it does not produce acid from the glucose as well as it does not make arginine dihydrolase or b-galactosidase. M. lylae can be distinguished from the closely related species Micrococcus luteus by lysozyme susceptibility, genetic composition, and the type of cell-wall peptidoglycan. Genus: Micrococcus. Benecky M. J.; Frew J. E.; Scowen N; Jones P, Hoffman B. M (1993). Thank you for joining me, Karen Krisher, on this Pearl of Laboratory Medicine on Basics of Differentiation of Gram-positive Cocci.. // An interesting remaining family member, Microoccus antarcticus, was isolated from Antarctica, and is capable of growing at 4C. This is termed alpha () hemolysis and results in a greenish color surrounding the colony. The Gram stain, while it was gram variable, does not ideally match with the genetic test that resulted in Micrococcus luteus, which can be gram variable but is usually gram positive (Bonjar). They grow in circular, entire, convex, and creamy yellow-pigmented colonies with diameters of approximately 4 mm after 2-3 days at 37C. Micrococcus spp. This would be read K/NC. Klebsiella pneumoniae Micrococcus luteus Micrococcus roseus Proteus mirabilis Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhimurium Serratia marcescens Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus . Your email address will not be published. nishinomiyaensis and Micrococcus luteus. Growth or weak growth is observed at 45C, at pH 10, and in the presence of 10% sodium chloride (NaCl). This can occur due to the presence of a reduced number of, Most of the Micrococcus infections are discovered through the process of elimination along with the presence of the abundant Micrococcus tetrads in the lesions or cysts. Micrococcus is the Gram-positive cocci that are about 0.5 to 3.5 micrometres in diameter and usually, these are arranged in tetrads or in irregular clusters. 1. Book a free counselling session. I think based on all this information, that my microbe is in fact micrococcus luteus as suggested by the PATRIC metagenome binning test, and the krona (Figure 1). M. luteus is the majority of reads on the species level. M. luteus present on the human skin can transform compounds present in sweat into compounds with an unpleasant odour. In the 1920s, Alexander Fleming described lysozyme as a bactericidal factor of human and other animal tissues and secretions.1 He also discovered and named a yellow bacterium, Micrococcus lysodeikticus (now M luteus), that was highly susceptible to lysozyme-mediated killing.After exploring the susceptibility of other bacteria to lysozyme, Fleming proposed that M luteus and certain other . View Biochemical Tests Lab Report.docx from BIOL 240 at University of Alaska, Anchorage. Basics of Differentiation of Gram Positive Cocci, Author: Karen Krisher Colony morphology, the elucidation of the characteristics of the growth of the bacterium on agar medium, in most cases trypticase soy agar containing 5% sheep blood (sBAP). Micrococcus luteus are Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, motile -non motile, that are 0.5 to 3.5 micrometers in diameter and usually arranged in tetrads or irregular clusters. The microbiome of the nasal cavity can also change in response to environmental factors such as geographic location, and hygiene (Rawis et al. Biochemical Pr Organism Enterococcus faecalis Lactococcus lactis Micrococcus luteus Staphylococcus These include the slide or drop catalase test, the tube method, the semiquantitative catalase for the identification of Mycobacterium, M. luteus played an important part in Flemings discovery of, A rare case of prosthetic valve endocarditis is caused by Micrococcus luteus, it is described and compared with the few cases that are reported in the literature, as well as the clinical features, microbiological profile, therapy, and prognosis of common prosthetic valve endocarditis.
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