how many wives did joseph son of jacob have
Yet, from this answer in Quora. More rabbinical literature has been generated concerning him than any of the other sons of Jacob, and he is also a significant figure in Islamic tradition. According to another tradition, Joseph placed the gold and silver in three hidden treasuries, of which one was discovered by the Israelite villain Korah; one by the Roman Antoninus, son of Severus; and one yet undiscovered, which is being kept for the righteous in the future world (Pes. Then he revealed to the Hebrews that he was in fact their brother, Joseph. In Hebrew Joseph means: increaser. [h] It had been over twenty years since Joseph had last seen his father. She told Jacob, "Here is my maid Bilhah. 9The fathers, moved by jealousy against Joseph, sold him into Egypt as a slave; but God was with him. The problem lies in the fact that the Hebrew word for wife, isha, is also the generic word for woman (we see this same phenomenon in Greek), and so Bilhah and Zilpah were given to Jacob as women who were there for the express purpose of bearing children otherwise known as concubines. How many wives did Abraham have? Joseph's own remains were reportedly taken by Moses with the Israelites during the Exodus (Exodus 13:19) and later buried at Shechem (Joshua 24:32). When he. Here is the list lifted from my answer to Who was Joseph in the Bible? Great article Tyler! A. degree from Wheaton College, and the B. D. and Th. Joseph was called into his father's house and Israel pleaded with his son that he not be buried in Egypt. This caused a stir amongst the brothers. Joseph urged the first, a royal cupbearer, to get him out of prison once he was reinstated, but the cupbearer took no action on his behalf for two more years. The Lutheran ChurchMissouri Synod commemorates him as a patriarch on 31 March. After the (presumed) death of Joseph, we read, "All of his [Jacob's] sons and daughters got up to comfort him . He was present at Jacob's famous reconciliation with his brother Esau. during the Egyptian Middle Kingdom, to a later time during the Hyksos Era (16481540 B.C.E. Cushan and Midian are equated with each other, as are tents and curtains and affliction and trembling. So Joseph was reunited with his family, Stephen provided a brief summary of Josephs Story, Pharaoh gave Joseph the name Zaphenath-Paneah and gave him Asenath, daughter Joseph And His Brothers, The cultural impact of the Joseph story in early-modern times is discussed in, This page was last edited on 28 February 2023, at 10:50. Joseph was fully trusted by his master, Potiphars wife took a fancy to Joseph, but he refused to sin with her. The reason that Joseph selected Simeon may have been that the latter was the eldest after Reuben, who was spared by Joseph in return for his interference on Joseph's behalf many years before (Gen. xxxvii. 'ewe') was a Biblical figure, the favorite of Jacob's two wives, and the mother of Joseph and Benjamin, two of the twelve progenitors of the . What is Jacob's new name? Joseph did very well with God's help. Nice going! The next two instances of dream interpretation establish his reputation as a great interpreter of dreams; first, he begins in a low place, interpreting the dreams of prisoners. After bearing Judah, Leah stopped bearing children for a . Moses threw a pebble into the water there and cried out: "Joseph! [29] Maimonides comments that even the villager in Shechem, about whom Joseph inquired his brother's whereabouts, was a "divine messenger" working behind the scene.[30]. Then they informed their father that the Vizier demanded that Benjamin be brought before him to demonstrate that they were honest men. Both were met by angels at various times (Gen. R. 84:6; Num. Joseph's half-brothers were jealous of him; (Genesis 37:1820) wherefore, in Dothan, most of them plotted to kill him, with the exception of Reuben,[12][13] who suggested to have Joseph thrown into an empty cistern, intending to rescue Joseph himself. But Judah pleaded for Benjamin, offering himself as a slave instead. [48] Similarly, the eldest son of Jacob had decided not to leave the land because of the oath taken to protect Benjamin beforehand. In the second dream, the sun (father), the moon (mother), and eleven stars (brothers) bowed to Joseph himself. "Pharaoh called Joseph by the name Tzafnat-Pa'neach and gave him as his wife Asenath the daughter of Poti-Fera priest of On. After he had washed his face, he came out and, controlling himself, said, 'Serve the food'" (Gen 43:30-32). The genealogy of Jesus in the New Testament traces Jesus' ancestry lineally, from Abraham to David, and then from David to Jesus. The narrative also indicates that they went straight to Joseph or were directed to him, even by the Pharaoh himself (Genesis 41:3757). How many kids did Mary have? Jacob did not wholly believe that Joseph was dead, because he could not forget him, while the dead are soon forgotten. [a] When Joseph was seventeen years old, he shared with his brothers two dreams he had had: in the first dream, Joseph and his brothers gathered bundles of grain, of which those his brothers gathered, bowed to his own. They commemorate him on the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers (two Sundays before Christmas) and on Holy and Great Monday (Monday of Holy Week). And Joseph brought a bad report of them to their father. 118b); they were given to lust, while Joseph was chaste and resisted temptation. Who was the wife of Joseph son of Jacob? His brothers' jealousy grew when Joseph told them of his two dreams (Gen. 37:11) in which all the brothers, as well as his parents, bowed down to him. He wanted to know if they would be willing to risk danger in order to save their half brother Benjamin. R. 14:16). Joseph is regarded as a saint by several Christian churches, including the Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod, which commemorates him as a patriarch on March 31. In the ancient Near East, according to the laws of many of the surrounding nations, a woman had two years to bear a child to her husband and if she didnt, she could legally be divorced. Joseph became the slave of Potiphar a very high official in Egypt. She was no longer the mother of all of Jacobs children Rachel had a child now and she was the one who was truly regarded, by Jacob, as his wife. What happens when a man is required to take his dead brothers wife, if he is already married Deut 25:5? Of all the sons, Joseph was preferred by his father, who gave him a "long coat of many colors". In the interim, Joseph's mother died giving birth to his brother, Benjamin. When the famine came, it was so severe that people from surrounding nations came to Egypt to buy bread. Jacob lived in the land of his father's sojournings, in the land of Canaan. Jacob's concubine Bilhah gave birth to Dan . Joseph is represented as a perfectly righteous man (tzadik gamur) and as the counterpart of his father Jacob. It was a very large company." In Genesis 29:31-30:24 the birth of twelve of Jacob's children is recorded. As Joseph had foreseen, seven years of plenty came, during which he stored up a great abundance of grain in granaries built for the purpose. However, it is instructive to note that only Dinah is mentioned (Genesis 30:19-21; 34:1-3; 46:15) . What Leah knew was that her husband, although she had given him many sons, had no regard for her Jewish tradition even states that Jacob moved to Bilhahs tent after the death of Rachel (I dont think he ever got over that anger from the morning after the wedding). Known for: Rachel was the younger daughter of Laban and Jacob's favored wife. 15 So Jacob went down to Egypt; and he died, he and our fathers. Yusuf eventually obtains permission to marry her, she having lost none of her former beauty nor any of her first love for him. They were directed into the province of Goshen and Joseph readied his chariot to meet his father there. Such a blessing as always sis. I pray you will be preserved by our maker. 5. [44] In the Quran the brothers ask Jacob ("Yaqub") to let Joseph go with them. I am a fifty-something-year-old Bible teacher, wife of twenty-eight years to Mark, and mom of adult twin sons. Israel. The twelve sons of Jacob (Israel) from oldest to youngest were as follows. Joseph's wife is considered to be an Egyptian. He is the founder of the Israelite Tribe of Joseph. 1. Did Jacob have 4 wives? When Joseph interpreted Pharaoh's dreams, the king asked him for a sign by which he might know that his interpretation was true. He had fallen ill and lost most of his vision. Charles L. Zimmerman holds the B. 20 And to Joseph in the land of Egypt were born Manasseh and Ephraim, whom Asenath, the daughter of Poti-Pherah priest of On, bore to him. You can also subscribe without commenting. For Jacob however, a time came when his parents urged him to leave Canaan . which references passages that point to Jacob having "daughters" (plural, more than one) such as Genesis 37:34-35. They betrayed him by. The musical Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat is about Joseph's story. Jacob is between 130 and 147 years old. As Jacob's favorite son, he received from his father a coat of many colors, which made his brothers jealous to . Because she was now barren (for whatever reason), she was in the legal position to give her own maidservant to Jacob as another woman, concubine. His story is told in . Many of these amplifications have been borrowed by rabbinical tradition. Thank you for your VERY well done teaching. 15So Jacob moved down into Egypt, and lived there till he died, as did our fathers. During the seven years of abundance, Joseph ensured that the storehouses were full and that all produce was weighed. Thus, "Joseph gathered up all the money that was in the land of Egypt, and in the land of Canaan, for the grain which they bought.". Abraham married Sarah, who was his niece; Isaac married Rebekah, who was his first cousin once removed; and Jacob married Leah and Rachel, who were his first cousins. According to Legend of the Jews, the name of Potiphar's wife is Zuleikha and when she was enticing Joseph to give up to her sinful passion, God appeared unto him, holding the foundation of earth (Eben Shetiyah), that He would destroy the world if Joseph touched her. Isaac had one wife. 5 Bibliography. popularly referred to as a "coat of many colors." They returned with a wolf, but when Jacob began to reproach the beast for its cruelty, the wolf answered, in human language, that she had not committed the crime, and that she herself was searching for her lost cub. The first mention of Ishmaelites (Yishma'elm) is in verse 25. They were survival oriented, and so when greeted with the opportunity to be something greater in the family, not wives but the mothers of some of the heirs of the House, that was a chance to have a much better life and better prospects for the future. His favourite, Joseph, walked closely with God, heard from Him and had great discernment. Shechem was in the land which was allocated by Joshua to the Tribe of Ephraim, one of the tribes of the House of Joseph, after the conquest of Canaan. Because the Pharaoh had such a high regard for Joseph, practically making him his equal,[23] it had been an honor to meet his father. 84, xl. Jacob should not have had more than one wife.) In Jewish tradition, Joseph was the progenitor of the northern tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh, named for his two sons. The story of Yusuf and Zulaikha was a favorite love song in the Near East. How long did Jacob in the Bible wait to marry his wife? Rachel had the perfectly acceptable legal recourse in those days to provide her husband with a surrogate, and according to the laws of the surrounding nations, any child borne by the concubine would be counted as coming from her which is exactly why Rachel, and not Bilhah, named the boys. On top of all this, Leah had stopped bearing children perhaps because Jacob was no longer performing his legal obligations to continue to provide her with marital relations (at one point, she actually had to buy a night with him from her sister). Every time a son was born I asked my boys to tell me who the sons belonged to and it worked fine until we got to Dan. He then sent them away with grain, retaining Simeon as a hostage (Gen. 42:1-25), while ordering them not to return without Benjamin, the only one of his brothers born of Joseph's own mother, Rachel. Unbeknownst to them, Joseph had also returned their money to their money sacks (Genesis 42:128). Since in the Bible, unlike in later Jewish law, ethnic identity is determined by the father, the fact that their mother is not an Israelite does not affect their status . Simeon had six sons, all of whom migrated to Egypt (Gen. xlvi. Isaac, the son of Abraham , was married to Rebecca for many years before being blessed with children. Joseph, son of Jacob and Rachel, lived in the land of Canaan with ten half-brothers, one full brother, and at least one half-sister. Upon their return to Egypt, the steward of Joseph's house received the brothers. God richly bless you my sis. As a last resort, all of the inhabitants of Egypt, less the Egyptian priestly class, sold their properties and later themselves (as slaves) to Joseph for seed; wherefore Joseph set a mandate that, because the people would be sowing and harvesting seed on government property, a fifth of the produce should go to the Pharaoh. Both were hated by their brothers. Tap the title above, next to the arrow, to go to thatlesson with a link back to thispage. Joseph had good reasons not to have an affair with Potiphar's wife: he did not want to abuse his master's trust; he believed in the sanctity of marriage; and . He could not control himself any longer and so he sent the Egyptian men out of the house. I think Ill stick with my one wife (Staci) of 23 years. Glad to hear from you Brian, I have received many heartbreaking messages from women whose husbands seem to think they can force them into this lifestyle when they havent even bothered to look at whether or not the reasons that existed then still exist now, which of course they do not. When the brothers claimed to the father that a wolf had eaten Joseph, he observed patience. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article After his phenomenal rise to power, as he is passing through the street one day, his attention is attracted by a beggar woman whose bearing shows traces of former greatness. Designed by Elegant Themes | Powered by WordPress, Judgment in Context: Honor, Shame, and the Command to Judge Not., Confessions of a Former Torah Terrorist Pt II. Jacob's other children are between 56 and 63. Abravanel explains that she had accused other servants of the same crime in the past. lol does it come with a jetted jacuzi tub? The true faith in Jesus Christ stands the test and wins victory. She became angry and told lies about him, so he was put in jail. The two principle sources are the Yahwist and the Elohist versions, with a few details included as well from the Priestly source. Soon, the family took up residence in the town of Bethel and later moved to Hebron. We can have a conquering faith in Jesus though we are tested by many tribulations. When Joseph's half-brothers reached home after selling him, Jacob ordered them to arm themselves and capture the beast that had supposedly killed Joseph. He is presently pastor of the Evangelical Church of Archbold, Ohio. Our fathers found no food. Who is Dans mom? I asked. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees, https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Joseph,_son_of_Jacob&oldid=1017043, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License, More recently, Joseph figures prominently in Anita Diamant's novel. Joseph is commemorated as one of the Holy Forefathers in the Calendar of Saints of the Armenian Apostolic Church on 26 July. Jacob therefore let the wolf go. And as for Jacob, he never intended to have any other wife but Rachel and only ended up in this polygamous situation because of trickery he chose to be a polygamist because it would seem that a man who was willing to work a grand total of fourteen years for a woman evidently could not imagine living without her. They also discovered that all of their money sacks still had money in them, and they were dismayed. So if someone is pushing polygamy, know that according to Paul (an expert in the Law and in the Scriptures) they have disqualified themselves for leadership rendering their opinion merely an opinion. If later he is disgusted with her (after all, she was from a pagan nation), he cannot treat her as a slave and simply sell her away but must treat her as he would treat a divorced wife. I saw the tents of Cushan in affliction; the curtains of the land of Midian did tremble. Notify me of followup comments via e-mail. How many wives did Joseph have in the Bible? [24] Its redaction history may have included a first "Reuben version" originating in the northern kingdom of Israel and intended to justify the domination by the "house of Joseph" over the other tribes, this was followed by a later "Judah-expansion" (chapters 38 and 49) elevating Judah as the rightful successor to Jacob, and finally various embellishments so that the novella would function as the bridge between the Genesis and the story of Moses and the Exodus.[25]. Tsaphenath Paneach", "Allusions to the Joseph Narrative in the Synoptic Gospels and Acts: Foundations of a Biblical Type", The Story of Joseph in the Babi and Baha'i Faiths, "The New Media Bible: Book of Genesis (Video 1979)", "Jewish religious life in the Persian period", The Composition of Genesis 37: Incoherence and Meaning in the Exposition of the Joseph Story, "The Odyssey and the myth of Joseph; Autolykos and Jacob", "Strange Bedfellows: Politics and Narrative in Philo", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joseph_(Genesis)&oldid=1142074895, 1979, New Media Bible Genesis Project (TV)-cap. When he returned, the Vizier took Simeon and bound him as a hostage. Jacob's partiality to Rachel was the source of a great deal of hostility and scheming among Jacobs's wives and concubines (see Genesis 30). It was after this that Isaac married Rebekah and Abraham took Keturah as a wife (possibly a concubine) (see Genesis 24 and 25:1). He was a boy with the sons of Bilhah and Zilpah, his father's wives. [c] Thereafter the guilty brothers painted goat's blood on Joseph's coat and showed it to Jacob, who therefore believed Joseph had died (Genesis 37:1235). In the time of the Exodus, Serah, daughter of Asher, showed Moses where the coffin was sunk. [NOTE: Jacob is listed by Stephen individually.] Tyler Dawn How Many Wives did Jacob Have? The sons by . The story begins in Canaan - modern day Palestine, Syria and Israel - around 1600 to 1700 BC. The later reunion of Joseph with Jacob (Israel), though anti-climactic after two previous reunions with his brothers, is one of the most poignant in the Bible. In analyzing Genesis Chapter 37, there are five different Hebrew names used to describe five different groups of people involved in the transaction of selling Joseph, according to Rabbi Judah and Rav Huna. . . Moses, led there by an ancient holy woman named Serach, was able by a miracle to raise the sarcophagus and to take it with him at the time of the Exodus. Half of Manasseh's tribe settled east of the Jordan, while the other half settled west of it. Then he prepared a great ceremonial journey to Canaan leading the servants of the Pharaoh, and the elders of the houses Israel and Egypt beyond the Jordan River. As we progress through the stories about Jacob and his family, you will notice that his wives are respectfully addressed by name while Bilhah and Zilpah are repeatedly called, the maidservants. Culturally, they were never elevated to the level of either Leah or Rachel and they probably never expected to be. Angered by his running away from her, she made a false accusation of rape, and thus assured his imprisonment[d] (Genesis 39:120). When they came to Egypt, they stood before the Vizier but did not recognize him as their brother Joseph, who was now in his late 30s; but Joseph did recognize them and did not speak at all to them in his native tongue of Hebrew. Jacob's sons, including Joseph, are listed at the end of this page. The steward put them at ease, telling them not to worry about the money, and brought out their brother Simeon. After being beaten by his brethren, Joseph was thrown by Simeon into a pit, among serpents and scorpions; but Joseph prayed to God and the reptiles retired to their holes (Targ. Then Joseph buried Israel in the cave of Machpelah, the property of Abraham when he bought it from the Hittites. the time has come for the Israelites to be rescued from their oppressors; come up and do not cause us any further delay!" He received the same name as two great prophets, one past and one future: Joseph of Egypt and the Prophet Joseph Smith. People just cherry pick with the descriptions to determine prescriptives without studying out the matter. In Genesis 29:31-30:24 the birth . Jacob, before he died, blessed each of his sons and two of his grandsons, the two sons of Joseph. The Pharaoh honored their stay and even proposed that if there were any qualified men in their house, then they may elect a chief herdsman to oversee Egyptian livestock. But like everything else, modern context is not Biblical context we dont think the same way or have the same needs and therefore we dont live the same way; we certainly dont have the same expectations. The Gadites would later be described as, "brave warriors, ready for battle and able to handle the shield and spear. . The text says that they are Jacobs wives, and yet wives would retain ownership over their own children, so how can they be actual wives?. 14 Then Joseph sent and called his father Jacob and all his relatives to him, seventy-five people. However Jacob gave the greater blessing to the younger Ephraim, Moses, before he died, gave a similar blessing to the house of Joseph, which he called, Jospeh had great faith in God. The majority of modern scholars agree that the Joseph story is a Wisdom novella constructed by a single author and that it reached its current form in the 5th century BCE at the earliest. One of the hardest things there is, is to contemplate the possibility that our point of view has been utterly contaminated after all, they never taught ancient Near Eastern context in any of the churches I attended. (Genesis 50:2226). (Gen. 28:3, 4) This explains why Jacob when nearly 100 years old did everything in his power to obtain God's blessing; he even wrestled with a materialized angel. [21] After questioning them, he accused them of being spies. This article incorporates text from the 19011906 Jewish Encyclopedia, a publication now in the public domain. God blessed Leah with a firstborn son named Reuben. (clearly, the reference to a second wife shows that the concubine is not a wife), [145] If a man take a wife, and she bear him no children, and he intend to take another wife: if he take this second wife, and bring her into the house, this second wife shall not be allowed equality with his wife. The coffin thereupon floated up (Ex. Rabbah l.c). To add to the distinction within the family, in chapter thirty-seven, when Joseph goes tattling on his brothers, it specifically mentions that they are the sons of the neshe Bilhah and Zilpah. Then the Hebrew phrase shm midyanm srm in verse 28 describes Midianite traders. 2. The story of Joseph or Yusuf as it is told in Arabic literature has the same general outlines as the Biblical narrative; but in the Arabic account there is a wealth of accessory detail and incident. But you'd be wrong. Joseph was 11th of 12 sons of a wealthy nomad Jacob and his second wife Rachel. Joseph Born in the wilderness, he was the youngest son in the family. This would not be a true case of polygamy, because his intention was not to have two wives, but to provide for his sister-in-law it was considered a mitzvah towards the dead brother as well as to the woman to refuse to do this for her at her request would be to deprive her of her rights within the family. Full Bible Timeline - section on the life of Jacob. J. M. Sel. , romanized: Rl, lit. (Genesis 47:147:12) The family was then settled in Goshen. The Egyptians would not dine with Hebrews at the same table, as doing so was considered loathsome, thus the sons of Israel were served at a separate table (Genesis 43:1644:34). The account of the birth of Jacob's children is found in Genesis 2930, 35. (Genesis 49:3350:14), After their father died, the brothers of Joseph feared retribution for being responsible for Joseph's deliverance into Egypt as a slave. Joseph's story is recounted in some detail in the New Testament, during Saint Stephen's speech before the Sandhedrin in Acts 7. We think of it differently, because we simply cannot imagine a maidservant being willing or even eager to consent to such an arrangement but when we look at it in terms of the times you will see a poor woman who was a servant, probably sold by her impoverished father to Labans family because he had no money to get her married off not out of coldness but because if he died without seeing her provided for her only options were starvation or prostitution; she was resigned to perhaps never marrying, or if she did it would be to another servant, to give birth to servants. I want to point out something obvious about Joseph's wife Asenath I think many of us have a tendency to skip over without giving it much thought. Confronting Pseudo-archaeological memes Pt 4: Was Byblos the Goddess of Writing? He is Jacob's favorite (Genesis 37:3). [31] However, punishment could not have been avoided because of her class status and limited public knowledge of her scheme. It served a specific societal function within a context that no longer exists (much like the need for Levirate marriage). And as it was budding, its blossoms came out and they produced grapes. But Israel refused saying, "but truly his younger brother shall be greater than he," a declaration he made just as Israel himself was to his firstborn brother Esau. [53] These come in the forms of allusions written by the Bb and Bah'u'llh. Joseph predicted seven years of plenty to be followed by seven years of famine and advised the Pharaoh to appoint someone to store up surplus grain. Seeing only the powerful minister who controlled their lives and fortunes, they "bowed themselves before him with their faces to the ground" (Gen. 42:6), thus fulfilling in part his earlier prophetic dream. pseudo-Jonathan), protecting her from the lustful eyes of Esau (Gen. R. 78:13). She gave birth to Joseph, one of the most important figures of the Old Testament, who saved the nation of Israel during a famine. Manasseh, Ephraim are between 19 and 26. Who was Leah's 4th son? In the Elohist version it is Rueben intervenes on Joseph's behalf, while in the Yahwist version it is Judah that saves him. No, he had two (and not by his choosing) wives and two concubines four women to whom he was connected through children. Required fields are marked *, nine = 27 .hide-if-no-js { Some believe that he built the city of Memphis, and that he was instrumental in building the obelisks and pyramids. Afterward, Joseph's family personally met the Pharaoh of Egypt. The Amidah and the New Testament I: Long Prayers and Vain Repetitions? It was because of his virtue that the children of Israel passed over the Red Sea and the Jordan dry-shod (Gen. R. 84). This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. 3. According to Josephus, Reuben tied a cord around Joseph and let him down gently into the pit. Joseph was sold by his brothers into slavery in Egypt (Genesis 37). What is a forbidden marriage in the Bible? The first group identified, are Joseph's brothers when Judah brings up the idea of selling Joseph in verses 26 and 27. Joseph correctly predicted their futures: one would be reinstated in his post while the other would be executed. An angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream and he said; "Take Mary home as your wife.". [41], Joseph (Arabic: , Ysuf) is regarded by Muslims as a prophet (Quran, suras vi. Both were born after their mothers had been barren for a long time. Zulaikha is the wife of Kitfir (the Biblical Potiphar), through whose accusations Yusuf is thrown into prison. They were rapacious, while Joseph never enjoyed anything that was not his (Zeb. "All Pharaoh's officials accompanied himthe dignitaries of his court and all the dignitaries of Egyptbesides all the members of Joseph's household and his brothers and those belonging to his father's household Chariots and horsemen also went up with him. This also created rivalries between their sons. Although they had betrayed him in the past, Joseph greeted them . Joseph ordered the steward to go after the brothers and to question them about the "missing" silver cup. As Zipporah was a Midianite, calling her a Kusite makes absolute sense. Certain rabbis declared that Joseph was ready to yield to his mistress, but that his father's image suddenly appeared to him and called him to his duty (Sotah 36b; Gen. R. 87:9). However, Joseph was displeased that his father's right hand was not on the head of his firstborn, so he switched his father's hands. Moreover, Inter. That night, Joseph ordered his steward to load the brothers' donkeys with food and all their money.
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