intralingual translation example
It cannot be entirely ruled out that intralingual translation in some instances may go from simple to more complex. interlingual and intersemiotic. My alternative definition is open and inherently non-finite and is an attempt to define the discipline of translation studies as an open field which relies on an open, inherently non-finite, yet describable concept and not on necessary or sufficient conditions or audience assumptions. The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or text in dialect which . Ny Testamente p hverdagsdansk (1985/2002): (The New Testament in everyday Danish.) examples. Intralingual vs. Interlingual translaiton - a comparative analysis of strategies in text production In translation studies, a distinction can be made between interlingual translation and intralingual translation, depending on whether translation occurs between two languages or in one language. Turn on JavaScript to exercise your cookie preferences for all non-essential cookies. The aim is to get the target group to accept the text as of contemporary relevance and to reduce the time spent reading and understanding the text. He finishes it, with misgivings. However, there are lots of less obvious examples, especially when it comes to ambiguous or idiomatic sentences, such as sayings, which are often hard to translate The analyses suggest that intralingual translation is generally motivated by one or more of the key parameters; knowledge, time, culture, and space. The target group for this text is families, especially young people and children. 3099067 In China The San Tzu Ching () is an elementary guide to knowledge for children. Multimodal approaches to intersemiotic translation The empirical work of this article is considered as a first attempt of a concrete, general description of the characteristics of and the microstrategies involved in intralingual translation. Unlike the other versions, the New Testament in everyday Danish has a preface in which the translators explain their strategy: You cannot blindly translate from source language to target language without disturbing the original meaning. A good sample is Bangqing Hans Sing-song Girls of Shanghai. Syntactical changes making the text more contemporary, 1948 Og fordi Josef var af Davids hus og slaegt, drog ogs han op fra, And because Joseph was of the house and lineage of David, also he went up from [], 1992 Ogs Josef drog op frafordi han var af Davids hus og slaegt, Also Joseph went up from because he was of the house and lineage of David [], 1948 Og det skete, medens de var der, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And it happened, while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth, 1992 Og mens de var dr, kom tiden, da hun skulle fde, And while they were there, came the time, when she were to give birth. It is true that many Chinese classics, e.g. The similarities cannot be denied, they overlap and criss-cross the family resemblance is definitely there. Two features differ significantly from all the other intralingual translations, including the other Bible for children, namely firstly the fact that the structure of the text has been changed radically and does not follow the traditional structure (restructuring of the order of information is also seen in the family Bible from 1973, but in this version for very small children the restructuring is much more radical) and secondly that quite a number of content omissions have been made. Old and complex expressions are replaced by simpler contemporary ones. However, despite Jakobson's classical definition, intralingual translation or rewording is extremely peripheral to translation studies, more so than it deserves, and the relationship between interlingual and intralingual translation is a neglected area of research, as is a thorough description of intralingual translation; Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description. It is largely used in film, theatre and the visual arts but also in image design and advertising. Even though translation scholars mention and acknowledge Jakobsons other kinds of translation these are often classified as peripheral or de facto considered of no real relevance to the discipline of translation studies. The parameter of time is of course related to the parameters of culture and knowledge, but in this case it is the diachronic factor which results in the lack of knowledge or cultural understanding; this is the reason for the new authorised version from 1992, for example, and is an important element in the everyday version (even in cases where a reader is able to read and understand the old authorised version from 1948, it will take him less time to process the everyday version). Place: 1411, Register for a FutureLearn account to get personalised course recommendations and offers straight to your inbox. This I think is a major setback as there seems to be much to gain theoretically as well as practically by looking for similarities and differences between the various kinds of translational activities carried out. Viborg: Det Danske Bibelselskab. ), but the hypothesis will not be explored further in this article. Build your knowledge with top universities and organisations. theoryabout Correspondence EquivalenceKoller19791 85points out knowledge indicativeofcompetence inthe foreignlanguageand translationinwhichhiscorrespondenceand equivalencecorrespond toSaussure'S langue parolerespectivelyKoller1972hasstatedthatthe equivalenteffectDrinciple translationistending toruleoutall others . English, German, French, Swedish and Norwegian as well as other Danish versions (Jeppesen 1990: 23-24). Maria and Joseph gave him the name Jesus, just as the angel had told them to. The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or text in dialect which, for its peculiar pronunciation and expressions, was only easily understood by its local neighborhood. Meta, Volume 54, Number 4, dcembre 2009, p.795812, Tous droits rservs Les Presses de lUniversit de Montral, 2009. The witness is intimidated by the formality of the court setting, and assumes that the unfamiliar word, 'fracas', is a polite euphemism. However, the extension also comes from subjective additions to the text, presumably to make it come more alive to children, but also in a few instances to vent the translators own views. The target group is adults who prefer a traditional, formal version. The discipline concerned with issues related to the production of translations is called translation studies. . The picture Bible for very small children from 1991 is naturally very different from the 1948 authorised version, but in many ways resembles the family Bible for children from 1973 as regards explanations, explicitations, lexical and syntactical simplification, the addition of pictures as well as textual additions to enhance childrens comprehension of and interest in the text (with one exception though: all additions are factual, i.e., objective). Bringing together insights from translation studies, stylistics, multimodality and publishing practices, Pillire convincingly shows the need for translation studies to move beyond the linguistic text and to consider the book as the product of a collaborative enterprise. As we have seen above, Jakobsons definition of intralingual translation partly lies in its other name, rewording, and partly in the more explicit explanation offered by Jakobson: an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language. A closer look reveals that the extended number of words comes from a large number of factual explanations and the addition of factual information to enhance childrens understanding of the text. An assistant who is asked to rewrite a report, make it more complex, insert expert terms, etc. BibTeX, JabRef, Mendeley, Zotero, Intralingual Translation: An Attempt at Description, Volume 54, Number 4, dcembre 2009, pp. "Translation: Definition and Examples." Apart from the obvious difference of the number of national languages involved, the most significant difference seems to be that in many kinds of intralingual translation simplification[14] is the keyword. The third function of intralingual translation, proposed by Xuanmin Luo at the Bogacizi conference in 2014, is the function of shaping a nations modernity, which is a structural concept dealing with the transformation of whole societies, ideologies, social structure and culture. Jakobson builds on Pierces theory of signs and meaning and postulates that the meaning of any linguistic sign is its translation into some further, alternative sign (Jakobson 1959/2000: 114). The implication is that translation is a component in all language transactions and Jakobson divides these transactions into three kinds of translation or ways of interpreting a verbal sign: intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language; interlingual translation or translation proper is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language; intersemiotic translation or transmutation is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of signs of nonverbal sign systems. its original text can be classic Chinese and its translated text can be modern English, in-between is intralingual translation in modern Chinese. The source texts in this case can be a classic text, or Secondly and because of the purpose of simplification, the microstrategies applied in intralingual translation (the additions, omissions, restructuring, etc.) Jakobson argued for a broad, inclusive definition of translation as a phenomenon fundamental to all language transactions. Taking China as an example, the intralingual translation was used for the construction of modern vernacular. I do believe, however, that they point in the right direction, but we need much more empirically-based research to provide a thorough and comprehensive description of intralingual translation and of the similarities and differences between intralingual and interlingual translation. [] and Joseph made a bed for the child in the manger. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page. Literary Translation (see for example Kindlepreneur.) In this translation process, a phase of intralingual translation is added, i.e. However, my aim was not to describe intralingual translation . The Economist, Nov. 23, 2010). He has a definition is intralingual example, examples generally to try to translation and intralingually translated versions are. To this end, five different versions of the same text have been analysed. We do have classifications such as Jakobsons, which alert us to the possibility of such things as intersemiotic and intralingual translation, but we do not make any genuine use of such classifications in our research. This line of thought was further elaborated by Steiner in 1975. Sharing the same function as interlingual translation, its performances can be ideological and historical. In my view, translators are excellently equipped to carry out this kind of intralingual translation because of the many similarities with interlingual translation. FutureLearn uses cookies to enhance your experience of the website. The etymology is from the Latin, translat-"carried across", "To translate, one must have a style of his own, for otherwise, the translation will have no rhythm or nuance, which come from the process of artistically thinking through and molding the sentences; they cannot be reconstituted by piecemeal imitation. However, my aim was not to describe intralingual translation within a limited area, but to attempt a general characterisation of the phenomenon through the microstrategies used in creating the new versions. I would like to think that intralingual skills are included in the term intercultural communication, if we do not limit our definition of intercultural to mainly a question of national culture (see Zethsen 2010 forthcoming). In other words, the differences in microstrategies are more a question of degree than of kind. The aim is to make the text understandable and interesting especially to the young members of a family.[10]. Kakridis (1901-92), who, for the first time, wrote a book entitled The Translation Problem (To Metafrastiko Provlima). Eva Hung ( later revised Eileen Changs translation with an introduction and had it published by Columbia University Press. (A picture Bible for very small children.) Though the Danish 1948 version has not been translated from King James, but from Greek, it reads as an almost direct translation thereof (92 words): Og alle gik hen for at lade sig indskrive, hver til sin by. This article argues for the proper inclusion of intralingual translation on the grounds of its many similarities with interlingual translation. Schffner (1999: 100) relevantly asks whether translation itself is affected by modern developments or is it rather that more and more activities are added to translation proper? However, it is not a mere linguistic transfer. The entire text is one long paraphrase, not a single phrase is identical to the 1948 version. The subjective comments in the above examples reflect a political/feminist agenda from the 1970s. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. The definition will. Seidelin, Anna Sophie (1973): Hjemmenes Billedbibel (A family picture Bible from 1973). Nu elskede Maria en mand, som hed Josef. Where necessary, examples have been translated from the Danish versions into English. intralingual translation or rewording is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language; interlingual translation or translation proper is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language; The codes of different discourse communities within the same language may be almost as different from each other as two different national languages (Kirkness 1997: 5). The numbers refer to the verse numbers. Here the source text can be described in words and then 'translated' into an image or visual narrative that may release a similar message as the original words while also creating new meanings and associations. It has been used and practiced in the construction of Chinese Baihua (modern vernacular) and promoted Chinas new literary movement in the early 20th century. The length is almost the same, namely 88 words. The problem of translation is to retreat to a simpler tenor of one's own style and creatively adjust this to one's author." Intuitively even laymen would know what a translation is and would probably define it in a way which corresponds to the prototypical translation proper in Jakobsons terminology. On the face of it, the main difference between the two kinds of translation is the involvement in interlingual translation of two different national languages. . What is transliteration example? (Michael Cunningham, "Found in Translation." In other words, Newmarks definition leaves no room for changing skopoi or intralingual translation and it implies that the field of translation studies is not open to insights originating from other kinds of translation than translation proper. All but strictly necessary cookies are currently disabled for this browser. for at lade sig indskrive tillige med Maria, sin trolovede, som var frugtsommelig. CVR-nr: 31119103 Taking China as an example, the intralingual translation was used for the construction of modern vernacular. Translation studies is engaged in the academic study of translation and it is therefore common that works on translation devote chapters or paragraphs to a definition of translation as a concept. Nevertheless, conclusive findings have yet to be reached regarding the effectiveness of integrating subtitles into L2 classrooms. The aim of the description is to function as a tertium comparationes when trying to determine family resemblances. I can express the notion 'four year old male uncastrated domesticated reindeer' in English. This meta-analysis examined the overall effectiveness of subtitles to enhance learners' L2. It also seems that the strategy of simplification is driven by one of the four parameters knowledge (e.g., layman words and expressions and simple active syntax substituted for expert terms and complex syntax, whereas syntactical changes in interlingual translation are often called for on the basis of structural differences between two languages), time (e.g., contemporary words and expressions and syntax substituted for obsolete words, expressions and syntax), culture (e.g., American words, expressions and syntax substituted for British words, expressions and syntax) or space (e.g., superfluous text omitted or explanatory text added) and that it takes many forms. On the basis of these insights, I attempted to set up an alternative definition of translation which is able to contain a wide range of translational phenomena, including that of intralingual translation, but which is still narrow enough to be meaningful to the field of translation studies. .." (Lawrence Venuti, The Translator's Invisibility: A History of Translation. Learn more about how FutureLearn is transforming access to education. These separate definitions do of course not mean that both types cannot be at play in the same text or instance of translation an element of intralingual translation may well be part of the skopos of an interlingual translation (see examples in Zethsen forthcoming). Not surprisingly, the Danish authorised version from 1992 resembles the authorised version from 1948. In spite of the highly influential texts of Jakobson and Steiner and in spite of their claim of close affinity between interlingual and intralingual translation, translation studies often excludes intralingual translation either deliberately or de facto. Even though the empirical study of intralingual translation is meagre, no one can deny that intralingual translation is a widespread phenomenon and that it is easy to find many very different instances of this kind of translation (within expert-layman communication, for instance, they abound).
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