which software was the first available for microcomputers quizlet
Ed de Castro, its main designer and co-founder of Data General, had earlier led the team that created the DEC PDP-8. The Johnniac computer is one of 17 computers that followed the basic design of Princeton's Institute of Advanced Study (IAS) computer. David Packard and Bill Hewlett found their company in a Palo Alto, California garage. Developed by the Japanese government to create global climate models, the Earth Simulator is a massively parallel, vector-based system that costs nearly 60 billion yen (roughly $600 million at the time). When the Minuteman I was decommissioned, some universities received these computers for use by students. Designed by Don Lancaster, the TV Typewriter is an easy-to-build kit that can display alphanumeric information on an ordinary television set. assist teachers in preparing student IEPs What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? A computer could write it with a laser instead. It is recognized by the 2006 Guinness Book of World Records as the greatest selling single computer of all time. The boss wants it to have a complex user interface with a time display, touch panel buttons and accurate timing for the toast cycle. System control was provided through the Atlas Supervisor, which some consider to be the first true operating system. Marketed as a fast, extremely accurate electronic slide rule with a solid-state memory similar to that of a computer, the HP-35 distinguished itself from its competitors by its ability to perform a broad variety of logarithmic and trigonometric functions, to store more intermediate solutions for later use, and to accept and display entries in a form similar to standard scientific notation. Apollo and its main competitor, Sun Microsystems, optimized their machines to run the computer-intensive graphics programs common in engineering and scientific applications. Stibitz stunned the group by performing calculations remotely on the CNC (located in New York City) using a Teletype terminal connected to New York over special telephone lines. Instead of designing a custom controller, two young engineers from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) -- Gordon Bell and Edson de Castro -- do something unusual: they develop a small, general purpose computer and program it to do the job. In 1977, MITS was sold to Pertec, which continued producing Altairs in 1978. The Paragon at Caltech was named the fastest supercomputer in the world in 1992. The system was IBM's response to losing control of the PC market with the rise of widespread copying of the original IBM PC design by clone makers. Quiz 1. Upgrade to Quizlet Plus to study with no ads, offline access and even more premium features, like image uploading and scanning to create sets. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. Lenovo, China's largest manufacturer of PCs, purchased IBM's personal computer business in 2005, largely to gain access to IBM's ThinkPad line of computers and sales force. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. 25. Graduation rates are lower in online schools. Reaching 32 gigaflops (32 billion floating point operations per second), Intels Touchstone Delta has 512 processors operating independently, arranged in a two-dimensional communications mesh. Caltech researchers used this supercomputer prototype for projects such as real-time processing of satellite images, and for simulating molecular models in AIDS research. Which kind of software tool would a teacher choose in order to develop a test item bank? One of the earliest and most popular pieces of software for microcomputers was the VisiCalc spreadsheet program. Twitter is an example of which web-based collaboration resource? It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. Sun Microsystems grows out of this prototype. This printing programmable calculator was made from discrete transistors and an acoustic delay-line memory. The 6600 retained the distinction of being the fastest computer in the world until surpassed by its successor, the CDC 7600, in 1968. If a student is creating within Minecraft or Sims, what type of computer programming products are they designing and making? The AGCs first flight was on Apollo 7. The ATX is the most commonly used form factor today. Originally a Cray XT3 system, the Jaguar is a massively parallel supercomputer at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, a US science and energy research facility. Headquartered in Maynard, Massachusetts, Digital Equipment Corporation, took over 8,680 square foot leased space in a nineteenth century mill that once produced blankets and uniforms for soldiers who fought in the Civil War. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. The result was the Relay Interpolator, later called the Bell Labs Model II. The upgraded and faster Tianhe-1A used Intel Xeon CPUs as well, but switched to nVidia's Tesla GPUs and added more than 2,000 Fei-Tang (SPARC-based) processors. This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. It was transferred to the Department of Physics at the University of Melbourne in 1955 and remained in service until 1964. Called a complex instruction set computer, VAX systems were backward compatible and so preserved the investment owners of previous DEC computers had in software. Of the following challenges, which one has not been identified as a challenge for students engaged in blended learning? That goes back thousands of years, of course, and you can guess how they did it. System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. Working under Tom Kilburn at Englands Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrate a prototype transistorized computer, the "Manchester TC", on November 16, 1953. Term. MADDIDA (Magnetic Drum Digital Differential Analyzer) prototype. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. The Control Data Corporation (CDC) 6600 performs up to 3 million instructions per second three times faster than that of its closest competitor, the IBM 7030 supercomputer. Its price was especially attractive as the computer included very useful productivity software worth about $1,500 alone. It had no operating system, but it did recognize commands entered via a row of switches. Incorporating a version of Apple's iOS operating system, as well as sensors for environmental and health monitoring, the Apple Watch was designed to be incorporated into the Apple environment with compatibility with iPhones and Mac Books. high interaction between students and the teacher. Joe Thompson at Whirlwind console, ca. True/False False Mac OS X (now macOS) runs the same kernel used in its predecessor, Mac OS 9. "Best study app ever! The Mark-8 Do-It-Yourself kit is designed by graduate student John Titus and uses the Intel 8008 microprocessor. The British Broadcasting Corporations Computer Literacy Project hoped to introduce interested adults to the world of computers. Acorn produces a popular computer, the BBC Microcomputer System, so viewers at home could follow along on their own home computers as they watched the program. Because of its electronic, as opposed to electromechanical, technology, it is over 1,000 times faster than any previous computer. The micro should be an extremely low power device even if this raises the cost of the project. VTech, founded in Hong Kong, had been a manufacturer of Pong-like games and educational toys when they introduce the Laser 128 computer. It had two operating modes, one that mirrored the segmented memory of older x86 chips, allowing full backward compatibility, and one that took full advantage of its more advanced technology. b. enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. A total of ten Colossi were delivered, each using as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes. The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. The electronic circuits (registers) of the arithmetic- logic unit perform both the arithmetic and logic functions needed for the software instructions to be executed. Follow-on versions of the Kindle added further audio-video capabilities. The ad featured the destruction of Big Brother a veiled reference to IBM -- through the power of personal computing found in a Macintosh. A full-scale working replica of the ABC was completed in 1997, proving that the ABC machine functioned as Atanasoff had claimed. Dollars. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. The PDP-8 sold for $18,000, one-fifth the price of a small IBM System/360 mainframe. Over the next few years, the basic design of the IAS machine was copied in at least 17 places and given similar-sounding names, for example, the MANIAC at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; the ILLIAC at the University of Illinois; the Johnniac at The Rand Corporation; and the SILLIAC in Australia. Completed in 1951, Whirlwind remains one of the most important computer projects in the history of computing. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? Daniel Hillis of Thinking Machines Corporation moves artificial intelligence a step forward when he develops the controversial concept of massive parallelism in the Connection Machine CM-1. The basic computer cost $28,500. The first offering to the public required the buyer to purchase one to be given to a child in the developing world as a condition of acquiring a machine for themselves. The new chip made graphical operating environments for IBM PC and PC-compatible computers practical. The PROMs contained a disk operating system, allowing. The first microcomputer was the Intel 4004, introduced in 1971. Of the following, which is one of the controversies surrounding use of word processing in schools? It used a MOS Technologies 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz. Apple launches the iPhone - a combination of web browser, music player and cell phone - which could download new functionality in the form of "apps" (applications) from the online Apple store. OS/2 was the first advanced GUI operating system for Intel-based microcomputers, and has been around for a few years. Operator at Complex Number Calculator (CNC). . It used two different microprocessors: an IBM POWER XCell L8i and AMD Opteron. Microcomputers for Twenty-First Century Educators (Paperback, 4th ed) / Author: Lockard / Author: Abrams / Author: "Many ; 9780673524560 ; Educational resources & technology, Education, Social sciences, Books Started by a group of engineers that left Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Data General designs the Nova minicomputer. Inside was a Z80 microprocessor and a built-in BASIC language interpreter. The Micral N was the first in the series and was produced by the company R2E. System/360 is a major event in the history of computing. It presents an approach to the technology and the implementation prOblem, documented with information about specific transit applica-tions. The kit was the cover story of hobbyist magazine Radio-Electronics in July 1974 six months before the MITS Altair 8800 was in rival Popular Electronics magazine. Which instructional software function would probably be the most appropriate choice for allowing students to discover rules for genetics? What is the first step when designing and creating a web page or website? When Xerox PARC loaned the Stanford Engineering Department an entire Alto Ethernet network with laser printer, graduate student Andy Bechtolsheim re-designed it into a prototype that he then attached to Stanfords computer network. Which is an acknowledged benefit of software with drill and practice functions? Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. Motorola went on to create the 68000 series, which became the basis for the Apple Macintosh line of computers. Built in Sydney, Australia by the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for use in its Radio physics Laboratory in Sydney, CSIRAC was designed by British-born Trevor Pearcey, and used unusual 12-hole paper tape. The Invention of the PC These innovations made it cheaper and easier to. Mathematician George Stibitz recommends using a relay-based calculator for the project. Chuck Peddle leads a small team of former Motorola employees to build a low-cost microprocessor. Bill Gates and Paul Allen licensed their BASIC programming language interpreter to MITS as the main language for the Altair. The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. A cassette tape interface provided supplementary storage for text. It has pre-programmed curricular material. Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. The PowerBook line of computers was discontinued in 2006. The 6502 and its progeny are still used today, usually in embedded applications. The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. What software is useful to illustrate a numerical concept such as the difference between electoral votes and popular votes? assist teachers in preparing student IEPs. The inside of the Amiga case is engraved with the signatures of the Amiga designers, including Jay Miner as well as the paw print of his dog Mitchy. Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). The fastest machine of its day, The Cray-1's speed comes partly from its shape, a "C," which reduces the length of wires and thus the time signals need to travel across them. The NBS also built the Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis on the UCLA campus. Its base price was $6,500. Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and government enterprises are called ____. Scientific and defense applications included studies of human electrophysiology, nuclear weapon simulation, human genome mapping, and global climate change. HP Netserver LM, one of the first to use Intel's Pentium. Which of the following is not a file format in which audio-video files can be imported from a source and stored in a computer? Apple gave away thousands of Apple IIs to school, giving a new generation their first access to personal computers. One biblical scholar even used a Univac 1 to compile a concordance to the King James version of the Bible. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit codes into the display and keyboard unit (DSKY). Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. All three PowerBooks introduced featured a built-in trackball, internal floppy drive, and palm rests, which would eventually become typical of 1990s laptop design. The project became the One Laptop per Child Consortium (OLPC) founded by Nicholas Negroponte, the founder of MIT's Media Lab. Compaq's success launched a market for IBM-compatible computers that by 1996 had achieved an 83-percent share of the personal computer market. effects of word processing on students' handwriting. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. While the PC Jr. sold poorly, the PC/AT sold in the millions. Kilburn (left) and Williams in front of 'Baby'. Nearly a quarter century after IBM launched their PC in 1981, they had become merely another player in a crowded marketplace. Led by curator Doron Swade the team built Babbages machine in six years, using techniques that would have been available to Babbage at the time, proving that Babbages design was accurate and that it could have been built in his day. Apps, games, and accessories helped spur the popularity of the iPad and led to its adoption in thousands of different applications from movie making, creating art, making music, inventory control and point-of-sale systems, to name but a few. The machines existence was not made public until the 1970s. The ASCI Red, based on the design of the Intel Paragon, was built by IBM and delivered to Sandia National Laboratories. False Drivers are used to communicate with peripheral devices such as monitors, printers, and keyboards. The first generation of Palm-produced devices, the Palm 1000 and 5000, are based around a Motorola microprocessor running at 16MHz, and uses a special gestural input language called Graffiti, which is quick to learn and fast. With a peak speed of over a petaflop (one thousand trillion calculations per second), the Tianhe 1 (translation: Milky Way 1) is developed by the Chinese National University of Defense Technology using Intel Xeon processors combined with AMD graphic processing units (GPUs). 1951. True/False True The most controversial changes to Windows in Windows 8 were the GUI. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. The laser printer was used with PARCs Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. Johnniac was used for scientific and engineering calculations. English language learners often score higher on assessments due to their increased focus in language acquisition. It was the fastest computer in the world from November 2009 to June 2010. What is a prominent research finding regarding students who engage in computer programming activities? Leaving Palm Inc., Ed Colligan, Donna Dubinsky, and Jeff Hawkins found Handspring. In some places, lower populations of ELL students may result in distorted data analysis. The company was incorporated by three 26-year-old Stanford alumni: Bechtolsheim, Vinod Khosla and Scott McNealy. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. Constructed at MITs Lincoln Laboratory, the TX-0 moved to the MIT Research Laboratory of Electronics, where it hosted some early imaginative tests of programming, including writing a Western movie shown on television, 3-D tic-tac-toe, and a maze in which a mouse found martinis and became increasingly inebriated. The first of several personal computers released in 1977, the PET comes fully assembled with either 4 or 8 KB of memory, a built-in cassette tape drive, and a membrane keyboard. Their first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. Apollo was a leading innovator in the workstation field for more than a decade, and was acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 1989. Federico Faggin led the design and Ted Hoff led the architecture. Part of the speed came from the computers design, which used 10 small computers, known as peripheral processing units, to offload the workload from the central processor. The computer he created, an all-black cube was an important innovation. Question 13. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. After retiring their initial Visor series of PDAs, Handspring introduced the Treo line of smartphones, designed with built-in keyboards, cameras, and the Palm operating system. Designed by Sunnyvale, California native Steve Wozniak, and marketed by his friend Steve Jobs, the Apple-1 is a single-board computer for hobbyists. Initially designed for internal use by HP employees, co-founder Bill Hewlett issues a challenge to his engineers in 1971: fit all of the features of their desktop scientific calculator into a package small enough for his shirt pocket. Southwest Technical Products is founded by Daniel Meyer as DEMCO in the 1960s to provide a source for kit versions of projects published in electronics hobbyist magazines. Designed to replace the 32-bit VAX architecture, the Alpha is a 64-bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) microprocessor. The 486 chips remained similar in structure to their predecessors, the 386 chips.
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